试(Shi)点(Dian)城(Cheng)市(Shi)
2015年(Nian)4月(Yue)2日(Ri),(?)海(Hai)绵(Mian)城(Cheng)市(Shi)建(Jian)设(She)试(Shi)点(Dian)城(Cheng)市(Shi)名(Ming)单(Dan)正(Zheng)式(Shi)公(Gong)布(Bu)。(?)根(Gen)据(Ju)地(Di)区(Qu)得(De)分(Fen),(?)排(Pai)名(Ming)在(Zai)前(Qian)16位(Wei)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)分(Fen)别(Bie)是(Shi)((?)按(An)行(Xing)政(Zheng)区(Qu)划(Hua)序(Xu)列(Lie)排(Pai)列(Lie))(?):(?)迁(Qian)安(An)、(?)白(Bai)城(Cheng)、(?)镇(Zhen)江(Jiang)、(?)嘉(Jia)兴(Xing)、(?)池(Chi)州(Zhou)、(?)厦(Xia)门(Men)、(?)萍(Ping)乡(Xiang)、(?)济(Ji)南(Nan)、(?)鹤(He)壁(Bi)、(?)武(Wu)汉(Han)、(?)常(Chang)德(De)、(?)南(Nan)宁(Ning)、(?)重(Zhong)庆(Qing)、(?)遂(Sui)宁(Ning)、(?)贵(Gui)安(An)新(Xin)区(Qu),(?)西(Xi)安(An)西(Xi)咸(Xian)新(Xin)区(Qu)。(?)
城(Cheng)市(Shi)不(Bu)同(Tong),(?)特(Te)点(Dian)和(He)优(You)势(Shi)也(Ye)不(Bu)尽(Jin)相(Xiang)同(Tong)。(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)打(Da)造(Zao)"海(Hai)绵(Mian)城(Cheng)市(Shi)"不(Bu)能(Neng)生(Sheng)硬(Ying)照(Zhao)搬(Ban)他(Ta)人(Ren)的(De)经(Jing)验(Yan)做(Zuo)法(Fa),(?)而(?)应(Ying)在(Zai)科(Ke)学(Xue)的(De)规(Gui)划(Hua)下(Xia),(?)因(Yin)地(Di)制(Zhi)宜(Yi)采(Cai)取(Qu)符(Fu)合(He)自(Zi)身(Shen)特(Te)点(Dian)的(De)措(Cuo)施(Shi),(?)才(Cai)能(Neng)真(Zhen)正(Zheng)发(Fa)挥(Hui)出(Chu)海(Hai)绵(Mian)作(Zuo)用(Yong),(?)从(Cong)而(?)改(Gai)善(Shan)城(Cheng)市(Shi)的(De)生(Sheng)态(Tai)环(Huan)境(Jing),(?)提(Ti)高(Gao)民(Min)众(Zhong)的(De)生(Sheng)活(Huo)质(Zhi)量(Liang)。(?)
高(Gao)效(Xiao)集(Ji)水(Shui)平(Ping)衡(Heng)生(Sheng)态(Tai)
得(De)益(Yi)于(Yu)发(Fa)达(Da)的(De)地(Di)下(Xia)管(Guan)网(Wang)系(Xi)统(Tong)、(?)先(Xian)进(Jin)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)综(Zong)合(He)利(Li)用(Yong)技(Ji)术(Shu)和(He)规(Gui)划(Hua)合(He)理(Li)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)绿(Lu)地(Di)建(Jian)设(She),(?)德(De)国(Guo)"海(Hai)绵(Mian)城(Cheng)市(Shi)"建(Jian)设(She)颇(Po)有(You)成(Cheng)效(Xiao)。(?)
德(De)国(Guo)城(Cheng)市(Shi)地(Di)下(Xia)管(Guan)网(Wang)的(De)发(Fa)达(Da)程(Cheng)度(Du)与(Yu)排(Pai)污(Wu)能(Neng)力(Li)处(Chu)于(Yu)世(Shi)界(Jie)领(Ling)先(Xian)地(Di)位(Wei)。(?)德(De)国(Guo)城(Cheng)市(Shi)都(Du)拥(Yong)有(You)现(Xian)代(Dai)化(Hua)的(De)排(Pai)水(Shui)设(She)施(Shi),(?)不(Bu)仅(Jin)能(Neng)够(Gou)高(Gao)效(Xiao)排(Pai)水(Shui)排(Pai)污(Wu),(?)还(Huan)能(Neng)起(Qi)到(Dao)平(Ping)衡(Heng)城(Cheng)市(Shi)生(Sheng)态(Tai)系(Xi)统(Tong)的(De)功(Gong)能(Neng)。(?)以(Yi)德(De)国(Guo)首(Shou)都(Du)为(Wei)例(Li),(?)其(Qi)地(Di)下(Xia)水(Shui)道(Dao)长(Chang)度(Du)总(Zong)计(Ji)约(Yue)9646公(Gong)里(Li),(?)其(Qi)中(Zhong)一(Yi)些(Xie)有(You)近(Jin)140年(Nian)历(Li)史(Shi)。(?)分(Fen)布(Bu)在(Zai)柏(Bai)林(Lin)市(Shi)中(Zhong)心(Xin)的(De)管(Guan)道(Dao)多(Duo)为(Wei)混(Hun)合(He)管(Guan)道(Dao)系(Xi)统(Tong),(?)可(Ke)以(Yi)同(Tong)时(Shi)处(Chu)理(Li)污(Wu)水(Shui)和(He)雨(Yu)水(Shui)。(?)其(Qi)好(Hao)处(Chu)在(Zai)于(Yu)可(Ke)以(Yi)节(Jie)省(Sheng)地(Di)下(Xia)空(Kong)间(Jian),(?)不(Bu)妨(Fang)碍(Ai)市(Shi)内(Nei)地(Di)铁(Tie)及(Ji)其(Qi)他(Ta)地(Di)下(Xia)管(Guan)线(Xian)的(De)运(Yun)行(Xing)。(?)而(?)在(Zai)郊(Jiao)区(Qu),(?)主(Zhu)要(Yao)采(Cai)用(Yong)分(Fen)离(Li)管(Guan)道(Dao)系(Xi)统(Tong),(?)即(Ji)污(Wu)水(Shui)和(He)雨(Yu)水(Shui)分(Fen)别(Bie)在(Zai)不(Bu)同(Tong)管(Guan)道(Dao)中(Zhong)进(Jin)行(Xing)处(Chu)理(Li)。(?)这(Zhe)样(Yang)做(Zuo)的(De)好(Hao)处(Chu)是(Shi)可(Ke)以(Yi)提(Ti)高(Gao)水(Shui)处(Chu)理(Li)的(De)针(Zhen)对(Dui)性(Xing),(?)提(Ti)高(Gao)效(Xiao)率(Lu)。(?)
折(Zhe)叠(Die)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)
雨(Yu)水(Shui)工(Gong)程(Cheng)民(Min)众(Zhong)参(Can)与(Yu)
20世(Shi)纪(Ji)末(Mo)开(Kai)始(Shi),(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)在(Zai)全(Quan)国(Guo)大(Da)力(Li)推(Tui)行(Xing)"雨(Yu)水(Shui)工(Gong)程(Cheng)"。(?)这(Zhe)是(Shi)一(Yi)个(Ge)花(Hua)费(Fei)小(Xiao)、(?)成(Cheng)效(Xiao)高(Gao)、(?)实(Shi)用(Yong)性(Xing)强(Qiang)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)利(Li)用(Yong)计(Ji)划(Hua)。(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)来(Lai)说(Shuo),(?)城(Cheng)市(Shi)中(Zhong)的(De)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)物(Wu)都(Du)建(Jian)有(You)从(Cong)房(Fang)顶(Ding)连(Lian)接(Jie)地(Di)下(Xia)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)管(Guan)道(Dao),(?)雨(Yu)水(Shui)经(Jing)过(Guo)管(Guan)道(Dao)直(Zhi)通(Tong)地(Di)下(Xia)水(Shui)道(Dao),(?)然(Ran)后(Hou)排(Pai)入(Ru)江(Jiang)河(He)湖(Hu)泊(Bo)。(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)则(Ze)以(Yi)一(Yi)家(Jia)一(Yi)户(Hu)为(Wei)单(Dan)位(Wei),(?)在(Zai)原(Yuan)有(You)的(De)房(Fang)屋(Wu)上(Shang)动(Dong)了(Liao)一(Yi)点(Dian)儿(?)"小(Xiao)手(Shou)术(Shu)":(?)在(Zai)墙(Qiang)上(Shang)打(Da)个(Ge)小(Xiao)洞(Dong),(?)用(Yong)水(Shui)管(Guan)将(Jiang)雨(Yu)水(Shui)引(Yin)入(Ru)室(Shi)内(Nei)的(De)储(Chu)水(Shui)池(Chi),(?)然(Ran)后(Hou)再(Zai)用(Yong)小(Xiao)水(Shui)泵(Beng)将(Jiang)收(Shou)集(Ji)到(Dao)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)送(Song)往(Wang)房(Fang)屋(Wu)各(Ge)处(Chu)。(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)以(Yi)"花(Hua)园(Yuan)之(Zhi)国(Guo)"著(Zhu)称(Cheng),(?)风(Feng)沙(Sha)不(Bu)多(Duo),(?)冒(Mao)烟(Yan)的(De)工(Gong)业(Ye)几(Ji)乎(Hu)没(Mei)有(You),(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)雨(Yu)水(Shui)比(Bi)较(Jiao)干(Gan)净(Jing)。(?)各(Ge)家(Jia)在(Zai)使(Shi)用(Yong)时(Shi),(?)靠(Kao)小(Xiao)水(Shui)泵(Beng)将(Jiang)沉(Chen)淀(Dian)过(Guo)滤(Lu)后(Hou)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)打(Da)上(Shang)来(Lai),(?)用(Yong)以(Yi)冲(Chong)洗(Xi)厕(Ce)所(Suo)、(?)擦(Ca)洗(Xi)地(Di)板(Ban)、(?)浇(Jiao)花(Hua),(?)甚(Shen)至(Zhi)还(Huan)可(Ke)用(Yong)来(Lai)洗(Xi)涤(Di)衣(Yi)物(Wu)、(?)清(Qing)洗(Xi)蔬(Shu)菜(Cai)水(Shui)果(Guo)等(Deng)。(?)
如(Ru)今(Jin)在(Zai)瑞(Rui)士(Shi),(?)许(Xu)多(Duo)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)物(Wu)和(He)住(Zhu)宅(Zhai)外(Wai)部(Bu)都(Du)装(Zhuang)有(You)专(Zhuan)用(Yong)雨(Yu)水(Shui)流(Liu)通(Tong)管(Guan)道(Dao),(?)内(Nei)部(Bu)建(Jian)有(You)蓄(Xu)水(Shui)池(Chi),(?)雨(Yu)水(Shui)经(Jing)过(Guo)处(Chu)理(Li)后(Hou)使(Shi)用(Yong)。(?)一(Yi)般(Ban)用(Yong)户(Hu)除(Chu)饮(Yin)用(Yong)之(Zhi)外(Wai)的(De)其(Qi)他(Ta)生(Sheng)活(Huo)用(Yong)水(Shui),(?)用(Yong)这(Zhe)个(Ge)雨(Yu)水(Shui)利(Li)用(Yong)系(Xi)统(Tong)基(Ji)本(Ben)可(Ke)以(Yi)解(Jie)决(Jue)。(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)政(Zheng)府(Fu)还(Huan)采(Cai)用(Yong)税(Shui)收(Shou)减(Jian)免(Mian)和(He)补(Bu)助(Zhu)津(Jin)贴(Tie)等(Deng)政(Zheng)策(Ce)鼓(Gu)励(Li)民(Min)众(Zhong)建(Jian)设(She)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)节(Jie)能(Neng)型(Xing)房(Fang)屋(Wu),(?)从(Cong)而(?)使(Shi)雨(Yu)水(Shui)得(De)到(Dao)循(Xun)环(Huan)利(Li)用(Yong),(?)节(Jie)省(Sheng)了(Liao)不(Bu)少(Shao)水(Shui)资(Zi)源(Yuan)。(?)
在(Zai)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)建(Jian)设(She)中(Zhong),(?)较(Jiao)良(Liang)好(Hao)的(De)基(Ji)础(Chu)设(She)施(Shi)是(Shi)完(Wan)善(Shan)的(De)、(?)遍(Bian)及(Ji)全(Quan)城(Cheng)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)给(Gei)排(Pai)水(Shui)管(Guan)道(Dao)和(He)生(Sheng)活(Huo)污(Wu)水(Shui)处(Chu)理(Li)厂(Chang)。(?)早(Zao)在(Zai)17世(Shi)纪(Ji),(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)就(Jiu)已(Yi)经(Jing)出(Chu)现(Xian)了(Liao)结(Jie)构(Gou)简(Jian)单(Dan)、(?)暴(Bao)露(Lu)在(Zai)道(Dao)路(Lu)表(Biao)面(Mian)的(De)排(Pai)水(Shui)管(Guan)道(Dao),(?)迄(Qi)今(Jin)在(Zai)日(Ri)内(Nei)瓦(Wa)老(Lao)城(Cheng)仍(Reng)然(Ran)能(Neng)看(Kan)到(Dao)这(Zhe)些(Xie)古(Gu)老(Lao)的(De)排(Pai)水(Shui)道(Dao)。(?)从(Cong)1860年(Nian)开(Kai)始(Shi),(?)下(Xia)水(Shui)道(Dao)已(Yi)经(Jing)被(Bei)看(Kan)做(Zuo)是(Shi)公(Gong)共(Gong)系(Xi)统(Tong)重(Zhong)要(Yao)的(De)组(Zu)成(Cheng)部(Bu)分(Fen),(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)建(Jian)设(She)者(Zhe)开(Kai)始(Shi)按(An)照(Zhao)当(Dang)时(Shi)的(De)需(Xu)要(Yao)建(Jian)造(Zao)地(Di)下(Xia)排(Pai)水(Shui)系(Xi)统(Tong)。(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)今(Jin)天(Tian)的(De)地(Di)下(Xia)排(Pai)水(Shui)系(Xi)统(Tong)则(Ze)主(Zhu)要(Yao)修(Xiu)建(Jian)于(Yu)二(?)战(Zhan)后(Hou)。(?)当(Dang)时(Shi),(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)出(Chu)现(Xian)了(Liao)大(Da)规(Gui)模(Mo)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)化(Hua)发(Fa)展(Zhan),(?)诞(Dan)生(Sheng)了(Liao)很(Hen)多(Duo)卫(Wei)星(Xing)城(Cheng)市(Shi)。(?)在(Zai)这(Zhe)一(Yi)时(Shi)期(Qi),(?)瑞(Rui)士(Shi)制(Zhi)定(Ding)了(Liao)水(Shui)使(Shi)用(Yong)和(He)水(Shui)处(Chu)理(Li)法(Fa)律(Lu),(?)并(Bing)开(Kai)始(Shi)落(Luo)实(Shi)下(Xia)水(Shui)管(Guan)道(Dao)系(Xi)统(Tong)建(Jian)设(She)规(Gui)划(Hua)。(?)
折(Zhe)叠(Die)新(Xin)加(Jia)坡(Po)
疏(Shu)导(Dao)有(You)方(Fang)标(Biao)准(Zhun)严(Yan)格(Ge)
新(Xin)加(Jia)坡(Po)作(Zuo)为(Wei)一(Yi)个(Ge)雨(Yu)量(Liang)充(Chong)沛(Pei)的(De)热(Re)带(Dai)岛(Dao)国(Guo),(?)其(Qi)较(Jiao)高(Gao)年(Nian)降(Jiang)雨(Yu)量(Liang)在(Zai)近(Jin)30年(Nian)间(Jian)呈(Cheng)持(Chi)续(Xu)上(Shang)升(Sheng)趋(Qu)势(Shi),(?)却(Que)鲜(Xian)有(You)城(Cheng)市(Shi)内(Nei)涝(Lao)的(De)情(Qing)况(Kuang)发(Fa)生(Sheng)。(?)记(Ji)者(Zhe)初(Chu)到(Dao)狮(Shi)城(Cheng)时(Shi)正(Zheng)逢(Feng)雨(Yu)季(Ji),(?)每(Mei)天(Tian)都(Du)有(You)数(Shu)场(Chang)"说(Shuo)来(Lai)就(Jiu)来(Lai)"的(De)瓢(Piao)泼(Po)大(Da)雨(Yu),(?)但(Dan)城(Cheng)市(Shi)内(Nei)均(Jun)未(Wei)出(Chu)现(Xian)明(Ming)显(Xian)的(De)积(Ji)水(Shui)和(He)内(Nei)涝(Lao)。(?)这(Zhe)一(Yi)切(Qie)要(Yao)归(Gui)功(Gong)于(Yu)设(She)计(Ji)科(Ke)学(Xue)、(?)分(Fen)布(Bu)合(He)理(Li)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)收(Shou)集(Ji)和(He)城(Cheng)市(Shi)排(Pai)水(Shui)系(Xi)统(Tong)。(?)首(Shou)先(Xian),(?)预(Yu)先(Xian)规(Gui)划(Hua)城(Cheng)市(Shi)排(Pai)水(Shui)系(Xi)统(Tong)。(?)其(Qi)次(Ci),(?)加(Jia)强(Qiang)雨(Yu)水(Shui)疏(Shu)导(Dao),(?)建(Jian)立(Li)大(Da)型(Xing)蓄(Xu)水(Shui)池(Chi)。(?)第(Di)三(San),(?)建(Jian)立(Li)严(Yan)格(Ge)的(De)地(Di)面(Mian)建(Jian)筑(Zhu)排(Pai)水(Shui)标(Biao)准(Zhun)。(?)
折(Zhe)叠(Die)美(Mei)国(Guo)
强(Qiang)化(Hua)设(She)计(Ji)加(Jia)快(Kuai)改(Gai)建(Jian)
美(Mei)国(Guo)大(Da)多(Duo)数(Shu)城(Cheng)市(Shi)秉(Bing)承(Cheng)传(Chuan)统(Tong)的(De)水(Shui)利(Li)设(She)施(Shi)设(She)计(Ji)理(Li)念(Nian):(?)在(Zai)郊(Jiao)外(Wai)储(Chu)存(Cun)雨(Yu)水(Shui),(?)利(Li)用(Yong)水(Shui)渠(Qu)送(Song)到(Dao)市(Shi)区(Qu),(?)污(Wu)水(Shui)通(Tong)过(Guo)地(Di)下(Xia)沟(Gou)渠(Qu)排(Pai)走(Zou)。(?)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)理(Li)念(Nian)按(An)照(Zhao)西(Xi)方(Fang)的(De)说(Shuo)法(Fa)始(Shi)于(Yu)古(Gu)罗(Luo)马(Ma)时(Shi)代(Dai),(?)现(Xian)在(Zai)仍(Reng)然(Ran)大(Da)行(Xing)其(Qi)道(Dao)。(?)即(Ji)使(Shi)在(Zai)非(Fei)常(Chang)缺(Que)水(Shui)的(De)加(Jia)利(Li)福(Fu)尼(Ni)亚(Ya)州(Zhou),(?)也(Ye)是(Shi)因(Yin)循(Xun)这(Zhe)一(Yi)并(Bing)不(Bu)适(Shi)合(He)当(Dang)地(Di)生(Sheng)态(Tai)的(De)城(Cheng)市(Shi)水(Shui)利(Li)与(Yu)用(Yong)水(Shui)模(Mo)式(Shi)。(?)
多(Duo)年(Nian)以(Yi)来(Lai),(?)洛(Luo)杉(Shan)矶(Ji)的(De)雨(Yu)水(Shui)一(Yi)直(Zhi)是(Shi)流(Liu)入(Ru)河(He)道(Dao),(?)后(Hou)流(Liu)向(Xiang)大(Da)海(Hai)。(?)在(Zai)上(Shang)个(Ge)世(Shi)纪(Ji)40年(Nian)代(Dai),(?)洛(Luo)杉(Shan)矶(Ji)河(He)被(Bei)改(Gai)造(Zao)成(Cheng)一(Yi)个(Ge)水(Shui)泥(Ni)砌(Qi)就(Jiu)的(De)沟(Gou)槽(Cao),(?)在(Zai)雨(Yu)季(Ji)承(Cheng)担(Dan)泄(Xie)洪(Hong)任(Ren)务(Wu)。(?)它(Ta)实(Shi)际(Ji)上(Shang)已(Yi)经(Jing)徒(Tu)有(You)其(Qi)名(Ming),(?)不(Bu)能(Neng)算(Suan)作(Zuo)一(Yi)条(Tiao)河(He)流(Liu),(?)就(Jiu)像(Xiang)一(Yi)个(Ge)长(Chang)达(Da)51英(Ying)里(Li)的(De)浴(Yu)缸(Gang),(?)横(Heng)卧(Wo)在(Zai)城(Cheng)市(Shi)与(Yu)大(Da)海(Hai)之(Zhi)间(Jian)。(?)在(Zai)没(Mei)有(You)被(Bei)改(Gai)造(Zao)成(Cheng)泄(Xie)洪(Hong)水(Shui)道(Dao)之(Zhi)前(Qian),(?)它(Ta)经(Jing)常(Chang)泛(Fan)滥(Lan),(?)淹(Yan)没(Mei)沿(Yan)岸(An)城(Cheng)镇(Zhen)。(?)在(Zai)这(Zhe)条(Tiao)河(He)流(Liu)砌(Qi)上(Shang)水(Shui)泥(Ni)之(Zhi)后(Hou),(?)洪(Hong)水(Shui)的(De)威(Wei)胁(Xie)没(Mei)有(You)了(Liao),(?)沿(Yan)岸(An)也(Ye)被(Bei)城(Cheng)市(Shi)所(Suo)占(Zhan)领(Ling)。(?)如(Ru)今(Jin),(?)情(Qing)况(Kuang)发(Fa)生(Sheng)很(Hen)大(Da)变(Bian)化(Hua),(?)人(Ren)们(Men)不(Bu)再(Zai)担(Dan)心(Xin)雨(Yu)水(Shui)泛(Fan)滥(Lan)成(Cheng)灾(Zai),(?)而(?)是(Shi)纠(Jiu)结(Jie)于(Yu)雨(Yu)水(Shui)总(Zong)是(Shi)白(Bai)白(Bai)地(Di)流(Liu)走(Zou)。(?)